They established the basic measurements under which the Roman Empire was divided, such as a tax register of conquered lands (300 AD). The Romans recognized land surveying as a profession. The mathematician Liu Hui described ways of measuring distant objects in his work Haidao Suanjing or The Sea Island Mathematical Manual, published in 263 AD. 2500 BC) was set out by prehistoric surveyors using peg and rope geometry. The prehistoric monument at Stonehenge ( c. The groma instrument originated in Mesopotamia (early 1st millennium BC). 2700 BC, affirm the Egyptians' command of surveying. The almost perfect squareness and north–south orientation of the Great Pyramid of Giza, built c. In ancient Egypt, a rope stretcher would use simple geometry to re-establish boundaries after the annual floods of the Nile River. Surveying has occurred since humans built the first large structures. See also: History of geodesy, History of cadastre, History of cartography, and Topographic map § History Ancient history A plumb rule from the book Cassells' Carpentry and Joinery to conduct research into the above practices and to develop them.to use that information for the planning and efficient administration of the land, the sea and any structures thereon and,.to assemble and interpret land and geographically related information,.to determine, measure and represent land, three-dimensional objects, point-fields and trajectories.The International Federation of Surveyors defines the function of surveying as follows: Ī surveyor is a professional person with the academic qualifications and technical expertise to conduct one, or more, of the following activities It is an important tool for research in many other scientific disciplines. It is also used in transportation, communications, mapping, and the definition of legal boundaries for land ownership. The planning and execution of most forms of construction require it. Surveying has been an element in the development of the human environment since the beginning of recorded history. They use equipment, such as total stations, robotic total stations, theodolites, GNSS receivers, retroreflectors, 3D scanners, LiDAR sensors, radios, inclinometer, handheld tablets, optical and digital levels, subsurface locators, drones, GIS, and surveying software. Surveyors work with elements of geodesy, geometry, trigonometry, regression analysis, physics, engineering, metrology, programming languages, and the law. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish maps and boundaries for ownership, locations, such as the designed positions of structural components for construction or the surface location of subsurface features, or other purposes required by government or civil law, such as property sales. A land surveying professional is called a land surveyor. Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them. For other uses, see Survey (disambiguation) and Surveyor (disambiguation).Ī surveyor using a total station A student using a theodolite in field This article is about measuring positions on Earth.
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